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Sydney ( SID-nee; Dharug: Gadi; Greater Sydney, Dharug: Eora) is the capital city of the disclose of New South Wales, and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia’s east coast, the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends roughly 70 km (43.5 mi) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west, Hawkesbury to the north, the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west. Sydney is made taking place of 658 suburbs, spread across 33 local processing areas. Informally there are at least 15 regions. Residents of the city are known as “Sydneysiders”. As of June 2020, Sydney’s estimated metropolitan population was 5,367,206, meaning the city is home to nearly 66% of the state’s population. The city has had several nicknames throughout its history, such as the ‘Emerald City’ and the ‘Harbour City’.

Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years, and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region, making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites. Around 29 clan groups of the Eora Nation inhabited the region at the grow old of European contact. During his first Pacific voyage in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British engagement in the area. In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts, led by Arthur Phillip, founded Sydney as a British penal colony, the first European concurrence in Australia. Phillip named the agreement after Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney. Penal transportation to New South Wales finished soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842. A gold hurry occurred in the colony in 1851, and exceeding the adjacent century, Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre. After World War II, it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world. At the grow old of the 2011 census, more than 250 swap languages were spoken in Sydney. In the 2016 Census, about 35.8% of residents spoke a language extra than English at home. Furthermore, 45.4% of the population reported having been born overseas, and the city has the third-largest foreign-born population of any city in the world after London and New York City. Between 1971 and 2018, Sydney aimless a net number of 716,832 people to the blazing of Australia but its population has continued to grow, largely due to immigration.

Despite being one of the most expensive cities in the world, Sydney frequently ranks in the summit ten most liveable cities in the world. It is classified as an Alpha Global City by Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its concern in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has an liberal market economy in the appearance of strengths in finance, manufacturing and tourism. There is a significant combination of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as Australia’s financial capital and one of Asia Pacific’s leading financial hubs. Established in 1850, the University of Sydney was Australia’s first college circles and is regarded as one of the world’s leading universities. Sydney is also home to the oldest library in Australia, the State Library of New South Wales, opened in 1826.

Sydney has hosted major international sporting events such as the 2000 Summer Olympics. The city is among the summit fifteen most-visited cities in the world, with millions of tourists coming each year to look the city’s landmarks. Boasting higher than 1,000,000 ha (2,500,000 acres) of plants reserves and parks, its notable natural features attach Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, Royal Botanic Garden and Hyde Park, the oldest parkland in the country. Built attractions such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the World Heritage-listed Sydney Opera House are also competently known to international visitors. The main passenger airstrip serving the metropolitan Place is Kingsford-Smith Airport, one of the world’s oldest continually energetic airports. Established in 1906, Central station, the largest and busiest railway station in the state, is the main hub of the city’s rail network.

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