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Melbourne ( MEL-bərn😉 is the capital and most-populous city of the Australian allow in of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a 9,993 km² (3,858 sq mi) metropolitan Place known as Greater Melbourne, comprising an urban agglomeration of 31 local municipalities, although the make known is then used specifically for the local municipality of City of Melbourne based on the subject of its central matter area. The city occupies much of the northern and eastern coastlines of Port Phillip Bay and spreads into the Mornington Peninsula and the hinterlands towards the Yarra Valley, the Dandenong and Macedon Ranges. It has a population higher than 5 million (19% of the population of Australia, as per 2020), mostly residing to the east side of the city centre, and its inhabitants are commonly referred to as “Melburnians”.

Home to Aboriginal peoples for beyond 40,000 years, the Melbourne Place served as a popular meeting place for local Kulin nation clans, Naarm being the customary Boon wurrung read out for Port Phillip Bay. A short-lived penal concurrence was built at Port Phillip, then share of the British colony of New South Wales, in 1803, but it was not until 1835, with the introduction of release settlers from Van Diemen’s Land (modern-day Tasmania), that Melbourne was founded. It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837, and named after the later British Prime Minister, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. In 1851, four years after Queen Victoria confirmed it a city, Melbourne became the capital of the further colony of Victoria. During the 1850s Victorian gold rush, the city entered a lengthy boom period that, by the late 1880s, had transformed it into one of the world’s largest and wealthiest metropolises. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of direction of the supplementary nation until Canberra became the long-lasting capital in 1927. Today, it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 27th globally in the 2020 Global Financial Centres Index.

Melbourne is house to many of Australia’s best-known landmarks, such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building. Noted for its cultural heritage, the city gave rise to Australian rules football, Australian impressionism and Australian cinema, and has more recently been recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a global centre for street art, live music and theatre. It hosts major annual international events, such as the Australian Grand Prix and the Australian Open, and as well as hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Melbourne consistently ranked as the world’s most liveable city for much of the 2010s.

The Melbourne Airport, also known as the Tullamarine Airport, is the second-busiest airport in Australia, and the Port of Melbourne is the nation’s busiest seaport. Its main metropolitan rail terminus is Flinders Street station and its main regional rail and road coach terminus is Southern Cross station. It along with has Australia’s most extensive freeway network and the largest urban tram network in the world.

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